Biofilms are structured microbial communities attached to surfaces, which play a significant
role in the persistence of biofoulings in both medical and industrial settings. Bacteria in …

Biotic and abiotic surfaces in marine waters are rapidly colonized by microorganisms.
Surface colonization and subsequent biofilm formation and development provide numerous …

Trace metals are essential for the growth of anaerobic microorganisms, however, in practice
they are often added to anaerobic digesters in excessive amounts, which can lead to …

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by microorganisms are a complex
mixture of biopolymers primarily consisting of polysaccharides, as well as proteins, nucleic …

The fate of 99% of the plastics present in oceans is unknown. It is presumed that biofilm
formation on plastics leads to their sinking to the ocean floor, thus making them undetectable …

The increased presence of xenobiotics affects living organisms and the environment at large
on a global scale. Microbial degradation is effective for the removal of xenobiotics from the …

Bacteria in milk have the ability to adhere and aggregate on stainless steel surfaces,
resulting in biofilm formation in milk storage tanks and milk process lines. Growth of biofilms …

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) make up a substantial component of the extracellular polymers
surrounding most microbial cells in extreme environments like Antarctic ecosystems, saline …

Biofilms are complex microbial communities with important biological functions including
enhanced resistance against external factors like antimicrobial agents. The formation of a …

For various human healthcare and industrial applications, endowing surfaces with the
capability to not only efficiently kill bacteria but also release dead bacteria in a rapid and …