Despite improvements in prevention, diagnosis and treatment, Lyme borreliosis (LB) is still
the most common arthropod-borne disease in temperate regions of the northern …

The handling of highly pathogenic viruses, whether for diagnostic or research purposes,
often requires an inactivation step. This article reviews available inactivation techniques …

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) emerged in China in 2002 and
spread to other countries before brought under control. Because of a concern for …

The disastrous spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
has induced severe public healthcare issues and weakened the global economy …

​ Summary Globally, infection by seasonal influenza viruses causes 3–5 million cases of
severe illness and 290,000–650,000 respiratory deaths each year. Various influenza …

The flaviviruses are small single-stranded RNA viruses that are typically transmitted by
mosquito or tick vectors. These “arboviruses” are found around the world and account for a …

Background A revolutionary diversion from classical vaccinology to reverse vaccinology
approach has been observed in the last decade. The ever-increasing genomic and …

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157: H7 is a food-borne pathogen
that younger children are most prone to this microorganism. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome …

Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) is the causative agent for Chagas disease (CD). There is a
critical lack of methods for prevention of infection or treatment of acute infection and chronic …

In the spring of 1957, an outbreak of severe disease was documented in people living near
the Kyasanur forest in Karnataka state, India, which also affected wild nonhuman primates …