The vast majority of agricultural land undergoes abiotic stress that can significantly reduce
agricultural yields. Understanding the mechanisms of plant defenses against stresses and …

In recent years, climate change has altered many ecosystems due to a combination of
frequent droughts, irregular precipitation, increasingly salinized areas and high …

In recent years, research on spermine (Spm) has turned up a lot of new information about
this essential polyamine, especially as it is able to counteract damage from abiotic stresses …

In the context of climate change, the magnitude and frequency of temperature extremes (low
and high temperatures) are increasing worldwide. Changes to the lower extremes of …

In recent years, extreme environmental cues such as abiotic stresses, including frequent
droughts with irregular precipitation, salinity, metal contamination, and temperature …

Oilseed crops are globally cultivated for their oil. These hold an important determinant of the
agricultural economy of the world. However, abiotic constraints like drought, heavy metal …

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pollution is a major environmental issue affecting
plant production. Spermidine (Spd) is involved in plant response to abiotic stress. However …

Upon exposure to cold stress (CS), crop plants face an array of detrimental effects on
growth, development, and final yield. Seed germination, seedling emergence, leaf number …

Abiotic stress reduces the plant growth and biomass production. Putrescine (Put) may be
applied to alleviate numerous types of abiotic stresses in plants. The present research was …

Hydrocarbon stress (HS) has been causing decreased plant growth and productivity.
Putrescine (Put) and growth promoting microbes are vital for plant growth and development …