Abstract 'Reactive oxygen species'(ROS) is a generic term that defines a wide variety of
oxidant molecules with vastly different properties and biological functions that range from …

Multiple roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their consequences for health and
disease are emerging throughout biological sciences. This development has led …

Superoxide is a primary oxygen radical that is produced when an oxygen molecule receives
one electron. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays a primary role in the cellular defense …

Exposure of biological molecules to oxidants is inevitable and therefore commonplace.
Oxidative stress in cells arises from both external agents and endogenous processes that …

The human brain consumes 20% of the total basal oxygen (O 2) budget to support ATP
intensive neuronal activity. Without sufficient O 2 to support ATP demands, neuronal activity …

Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress plays an essential role in the
pathogenesis and progression of many diseases. The imbalance between the production of …

Microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other eukaryotes, play critical roles in
human health. An altered microbiome can be associated with complex diseases …

Estrogens and androgens influence the growth and maintenance of the mammalian
skeleton and are responsible for its sexual dimorphism. Estrogen deficiency at menopause …

Metabolic syndrome (MS) represents worldwide public health issue characterized by a set of
cardiovascular risk factors including obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and …

The heme peroxidase family generates a battery of oxidants both for synthetic purposes, and
in the innate immune defence against pathogens. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is the most …