In the post-World War Two era, regional organizations have proliferated. The accompanying
literature focuses on analysing the drivers and effects of regionalism, but has, to date, largely …

We build into a Ricardian model sectoral linkages, trade in intermediate goods, and sectoral
heterogeneity in production to quantify the trade and welfare effects from tariff changes. We …

A large and growing number of countries participate in multiple preferential trade
agreements (PTAs), which increasingly entail broad cooperation over policies extending far …

Africa's role in the global economy is evolving as a result of new corporate strategies,
changing trade regulations, and innovative ways of overseeing the globalized production …

Jagdish Bhagwati, the internationally renowned economist who uniquely combines a
reputation as the leading scholar of international trade with a substantial presence in public …

This paper begins by systematically developing the “static” theory of preferential trade areas
(PTAs) and showing that neither a large volume of initial intra-union trade nor geographical …

Preferential trade agreements have become common ways to protect or restrict access to
national markets in products and services. The United States has signed trade agreements …

The best kind of economic theory has almost always reŊected policy concerns, while
informing policy in turn. This is particularly so when it comes to the theory of international …

The gravity model is a workhorse tool applicable in a wide range of empirical fields. It is
regularly used to estimate the impact of reciprocal trade agreements (RTAs) on trade flows …

We examine how domestic political factors influence the type of regional integration
arrangement (RIA) that states enter. States can pursue at least five types of RIA, in order of …