GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 are the two most widely used large language model (LLM) services.
However, when and how these models are updated over time is opaque. Here, we evaluate …

There is a rapidly growing number of large language models (LLMs) that users can query for
a fee. We review the cost associated with querying popular LLM APIs, eg GPT-4, ChatGPT …

Machine learning models with high accuracy on test data can still produce systematic
failures, such as harmful biases and safety issues, when deployed in the real world. To …

Abstract Machine learning is traditionally studied at the model level: researchers measure
and improve the accuracy, robustness, bias, efficiency, and other dimensions of specific …

Deployed machine learning (ML) models often encounter new user data that differs from
their training data. Therefore, estimating how well a given model might perform on the new …

Commercial ML APIs offered by providers such as Google, Amazon and Microsoft have
dramatically simplified ML adoptions in many applications. Numerous companies and …

Purpose This research aims to examine whether the facial appearances and expressions of
Airbnb host photos influence guest star ratings. Design/methodology/approach This …

In recent years, funding agencies and journals increasingly advocate for open science
practices (eg data and method sharing) to improve the transparency, access, and …

ML APIs have greatly relieved application developers of the burden to design and train their
own neural network models—classifying objects in an image can now be as simple as one …

Multi-label classification tasks such as OCR and multi-object recognition are a major focus of
the growing machine learning as a service industry. While many multi-label APIs are …