The authors review the pertinent literature dealing with all aspects of cerebral cavernous
malformations in the adult. Clinical, neuroradiological, pathological, and epidemiological …

In recent years there has been a considerable improvement in the quality of ultrasound (US)
imaging. The integration of 3D US with neuronavigation technology has created an efficient …

OBJECTIVE: Modern neuronavigation systems lack spatial accuracy during ongoing
surgical procedures because of increasing brain deformation, known as brain shift …

OBJECTIVE: A quantitative analysis of intraoperative cortical shift and deformation was
performed to gain a better understanding of the nature and extent of this problem and the …

OBJECTIVE: Several causes of spatial inaccuracies in image-guided surgery have been
carefully studied and documented for several systems. These include error in identifying the …

OBJECTIVES: Microsurgical techniques and instruments that help to reduce intraoperative
retraction of normal intracranial neuronal and vascular structures contribute to improved …

✓ The viewing wand is a frameless stereotactic arm that can be used in conjunction with
computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to provide image …

OBJECTIVE: Three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound is an intraoperative imaging modality used
in neuronavigation as an alternative to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This article …

Advances in the basic scientific research within the field of computer assisted oral and
maxillofacial surgery have enabled us to introduce features of these techniques into routine …

Contemporary imaging modalities can now provide the surgeon with high quality three-and
four-dimensional images depicting not only normal anatomy and pathology, but also …