Cancer is now considered a tumor microenvironment (TME) disease, although it was
originally thought to be a cell and gene expression disorder. Over the past 20 years …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by most cell types as part of an intracellular
communication system in crucial processes such as inflammation, cell proliferation, and …

Tumor-derived exosome can suppress dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells functions. Excessive
secretion of exosomal programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) results in therapeutic resistance …

Breast cancer progression is a complex process controlled by genetic and epigenetic factors
that coordinate the crosstalk between tumor cells and the components of tumor …

Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles that carry specific combinations of proteins,
nucleic acids, metabolites, and lipids. Mounting evidence suggests that exosomes …

Angiogenesis is the process through which new blood vessels are formed from pre-existing
ones. Exosomes are involved in angiogenesis in cancer progression by transporting …

Resistance to cancer therapy is a major barrier to cancer management. Conventional views
have proposed that acquisition of resistance may result from genetic mutations. However …

Exosomes are very small extracellular vesicles secreted by multiple cell types and are
extensively distributed in various biological fluids. Recent research indicated that exosomes …

The immune checkpoint pathway consisting of the cell membrane-bound molecule
programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 has been found to mediate …

Natural compounds are widely used to prevent and treat various diseases due to their
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. As a kind of promising natural compound, plant …