The pollen wall is a specialized extracellular cell wall matrix that surrounds male
gametophytes and plays an essential role in plant reproduction. Uncovering the …

Pollen development is a critical step in plant development that is needed for successful
breeding and seed formation. Manipulation of male fertility has proved a useful trait for …

Basic helix-loop-helix proteins (bHLHs) are found throughout the three eukaryotic kingdoms
and constitute one of the largest families of transcription factors. A growing number of bHLH …

Plant cell walls are complex, dynamic cellular structures essential for plant growth,
development, physiology and adaptation. Plant Cell Walls provides an in depth and diverse …

Because of its significance for plant male fertility and, hence, direct impact on crop yield,
pollen exine development has inspired decades of scientific inquiry. However, the molecular …

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are a class of transcription factors found throughout
eukaryotic organisms. Classification of the complete sets of bHLH proteins in the sequenced …

Pollen acts as a biological protector of male sperm and is covered by an outer cell wall
polymer called the exine, which consists of durable sporopollenin. Despite the astonishingly …

In flowering plants, tapetum degeneration is proposed to be triggered by a programmed cell
death (PCD) process during late stages of pollen development; the PCD is thought to …

Programmed cell death is essential for the development of multicellular organisms, yet
pathways of plant programmed cell death and its regulation remain elusive. Here we report …

Microsporogenesis and male gametogenesis are essential for the alternating life cycle of
flowering plants between diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte generations. Rice …