Abstract Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a pandemic condition caused by the new
coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The typical symptoms are fever, cough, shortness of breath …

The respiratory immune response consists of multiple tiers of cellular responses that are
engaged in a sequential manner in order to control infections. The stepwise engagement of …

Nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) regulates the secretion of
proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-18. We previously showed that …

The molecular mechanisms underlying the severe lung pathology that occurs during SARS-
CoV infections remain incompletely understood. The largest of the SARS-CoV accessory …

SUMMARY Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is very successful in establishing acute and
latent infections in humans by counteracting host antiviral innate immune responses. HSV-1 …

During acute HIV-1 infection, viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns are recognized
by pathogen-recognition receptors (PRRs) of infected cells, which triggers a signaling …

The inflammasome NLRP3 is activated by pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
during infection, including RNA and proteins from influenza A virus (IAV). However, chronic …

Background The present review is part of the ESCMID Study Group for Infections in
Compromised Hosts (ESGICH) Consensus Document on the safety of targeted and …

Viruses are the cause of approximately 15% of all human cancers. Both RNA and DNA
human tumor viruses have been identified, with Merkel cell polyomavirus being the most …

Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8, is
the etiologic agent underlying Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric …