Identification of sex-specific markers and revealing of the sex determination system have
important implications for sex control breeding in aquaculture. The zig-zag eel …

Diseases caused by pathogens contribute to molecular adaptations in host immunity. Variety
of viral pathogens challenging animal immunity can drive positive selection diversifying …

Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play an important role in innate and adaptive immune
system. However, in teleosts, the data on IRFs is still scarce. Here, for the first time, we …

Research on the innate immunity has accelerated over the last decades. The main reason
for this has been the discovery of receptors recognizing danger molecules from pathogens …

Abstract The Zig-zag eel (Mastacembelus armatus) is an economically important species in
southern China. Its natural resources have declined year by year due to overfishing …

Introduction Mastacembelus armatus is a commercially valuable fish, normally distributed in
southern China and Southeast Asia. The natural population size of M. armatus is shrinking …

Currently, circadian regulation of immune molecules in lower vertebrates, particularly,
diurnal oscillation in the immune status of a fish, is not well understood. In this study, the …

The pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize the conserved molecular structures
of pathogens to active the innate immune responses, and subsequently induce the antigen …

The Toll pathway was first identified in Drosophila and plays an essential role in defense
against infection by various pathogens. To date, various noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have …

In the process of artificial breeding, due to the lack of rigorous and standardized screening
and cultivation of parent fish, the quality of M. armatus' seedlings had sharply declined …