Bile acids are soluble derivatives of cholesterol produced in the liver that subsequently
undergo bacterial transformation yielding a diverse array of metabolites. The bulk of bile …

The gut mucosa of human is covered by mucus, functioning as a crucial defense line for the
intestine against external stimuli and pathogens. Mucin2 (MUC2) is a subtype of secretory …

The complex interaction between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor cells
through several soluble factors and signaling is essential for colorectal cancer (CRC) …

Human nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of forty-eight transcription factors that modulate
gene expression both spatially and temporally. Numerous biochemical, physiological, and …

Laryngopharyngeal reflux, a variant of gastroesophageal reflux disease, has been
considered a risk factor in the development of hypopharyngeal cancer. Bile acids are …

Gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a precancerous lesion that increases the risk of
subsequent gastric cancer (GC) development. Therefore, the mechanism of IM has been the …

Bile acids, once considered mere dietary surfactants, now emerge as critical modulators of
macronutrient (lipid, carbohydrate, protein) metabolism and the systemic pro …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is among the most remarkable public health concerns
globally. Accumulating research evidence documents that alteration of gut microbiota has an …

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common mycotoxin in food and feed, which can cause
undesirable effects, including diarrhea, emesis, weight loss, and growth delay in livestock …

This article systematizes available data from the literature on biliary gastritis (BG) in order to
increase the awareness of specialists about the latest possibilities for diagnosing the …