Routing and hotspot are considered among the key issues in Wireless Sensor Networks
(WSNs). Several routing protocols have been proposed; yet they suffer from the lack of fault …

Objective: Energy efficiency aspect in wireless sensor networks (WSN) can be achieved by
small sized rechargeable and easily replaceable batteries. The lifetime of wireless sensor …

The mobile sink is usually applied to improving the performance of wireless sensor networks
(WSNs). This improvement is subject to the itinerary plan, through which the sojourn times …

In recent years, mobile sink based data collection is more popular because of various
advantages such as energy-efficient, minimize the isolated nodes, longer the network life …

Mobile underwater wireless sensor networks (MUWSNs) play an important role in
monitoring the marine environment. Many existing research works have engaged on the …

Abstract The Internet of things (IoT) rapidly grew, and numerous services, programs, sensor-
equipped electronics, and related protocols were created and are still being worked on …

The wireless sensor network (WSN) has limited battery and storage capacity. The main
challenge in static sink nodes is the lack of energy and data transfer to the base station (BS) …

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the hotspot problem is one of the major challenging
issues because it isolates some network parts and interrupts the data routing. The hotspot …

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a number of small sensors which are powered
by low‐cost irreplaceable batteries. Therefore, one of the main issues in WSN design is to …

The rapid growth in Internet of Things IoT applications has increased the demand for
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) as an essential supportive Ad-hoc network class in the IoT …