Lithobionts (rock-dwelling organisms) have been recognized as agents of aesthetic and
physico-chemical deterioration of stonework. In consequence, their removal from cultural …

Nature-based solutions (NbS) offer opportunities to incorporate green elements into cultural
heritage conservation and management practice in cities and unlock associated co-benefits …

Weathering is one of the most common causes of building sandstone damage. The
evolution of building sandstone in various weathering behaviors is critical for research. An …

Since the 1970s there has been a considerable expansion in biogeomorphological research
which considers the complex, two-way relationships between biological, ecological and …

Cultural heritage objects composed of inorganic materials, such as metals and stones,
support microbial life. Many factors affect the growth of microorganisms: moisture, pH, light …

Although ceramic objects are an important part of the worldwide cultural heritage, few
investigations on the effects of lithobiontic growth on their outdoor conservation are …

Stone architectural heritage exposed outdoor represents a challenging habitat for biological
growths; nevertheless, biocolonization on heritage structure is ubiquitous and represents a …

Eutrophication has been analyzed mostly in aquatic or soil environments to date. Direct
terrestrial eutrophication of building materials and buildings, contrary eg to their …

Mosses are a common type of organism found colonising stone in both the natural and built
environment. People responsible for managing and conserving historic buildings often worry …

This study investigated the poorly known phenomenon of Centimetric circular areas
Uncolonized by Microbial Biofilms (CUMBs) which is frequently observed on natural and …