Soil flooding creates composite and complex stress in plants known as either submergence
or waterlogging stress depending on the depth of the water table. In nature, these stresses …

The loss of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers in agricultural runoff is a global environmental
problem, attracting worldwide attention. In the last decades, the constructed wetland has …

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are engineered systems that attained much attention as a
feasible wastewater treatment technology particularly for small communities. It has been …

Valorizing constructed wetlands vegetation into biofuels can be a way to contribute to
mitigating the increasing energy demand, avoiding the use of arable land, freshwater, and …

The present study demonstrates the potential of an integrated vertical flow-constructed
wetland (IVFCW) for simultaneously treating black liquor and domestic wastewater. IVFCW …

This research was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using the bioenergy crop
Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane) as vegetation and mineral wastes for filling in …

This paper provides a review of the treatment technologies, which utilize natural processes
or passive components in wastewater treatment. In particular, this paper primarily focuses on …

Four small-scale gravel-based integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands (IVCWs) were
established to treat domestic and secondary wastewater (SW) in parallel under two loading …

Constructed wetlands (CW) are a clean and environmentally friendly alternative to
conventional wastewater treatment methods, namely in the removal of the nutrients …

Constructed wetlands and lagoon systems are used as sewage treatment plants (STPs)
because they are a more cost-effective and sustainable solution to traditional STPs. This is …