The Martini model, a coarse‐grained force field for molecular dynamics simulations, has
been around for nearly two decades. Originally developed for lipid‐based systems by the …

Cell membranes contain a large variety of lipid types and are crowded with proteins,
endowing them with the plasticity needed to fulfill their key roles in cell functioning. The …

INTRODUCTION The eukaryotic nucleus protects the genome and is enclosed by the two
membranes of the nuclear envelope. Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) perforate the nuclear …

Activation of the innate immune STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING) pathway potentiates
antitumour immunity, but systemic delivery of STING agonists to tumours is challenging. We …

The coarse-grained Martini force field is widely used in biomolecular simulations. Here we
present the refined model, Martini 3 (http://cgmartini. nl), with an improved interaction …

Eukaryotic cells can undergo different forms of programmed cell death, many of which
culminate in plasma membrane rupture as the defining terminal event,,,,,–. Plasma …

Cell membranes provide a selective semi-permeable barrier to the passive transport of
molecules. This property differs greatly between organisms. While the cytoplasmic …

INTRODUCTION Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved
lysosomal degradation pathway. It ensures cellular homeostasis and health by removing …

The initial step in the sensory transduction pathway underpinning hearing and balance in
mammals involves the conversion of force into the gating of a mechanosensory transduction …

Glycolipids (such as glycoglycerolipids, glycosphingolipids, and
glycosylphosphatidylinositol) and lipoglycans (such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) …