The vascular endothelial cells constitute the innermost layer. The cells are exposed to
mechanical stress by the flow, causing them to express their functions. To elucidate the …

The ability to culture complex organs is currently an important goal in biomedical research. It
is possible to grow organoids (3D organ-like structures) in vitro; however, a major limitation …

The strategy of using electrical stimulation (ES) to promote the neural differentiation and
regeneration of injured nerves is proven feasible. Study of the possible molecular …

The type I cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG I) is an essential regulator of vascular tone.
It has been demonstrated that the type Iα isoform can be constitutively activated by oxidizing …

Background Over‐production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and resulting oxidative
stress contribute to retinal damage in vascular diseases that include diabetic retinopathy …

The effects of fluid shear stress (FSS) on the human syncytiotrophoblast and its biological
functions have never been studied. During pregnancy, the syncytiotrophoblast is the main …

Objective Low-grade inflammation plays a pivotal role in osteoarthritis (OA) through
exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS). In chondrocytes, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is …

The survival and function of transplanted tissue engineered constructs and organs require a
functional vascular network. In the body, blood vessels are organized into distinct patterns …

Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder occurring during pregnancy, is characterized by
excessive oxidative stress and trophoblast dysfunction with dysregulation of soluble Fms …

The transduction of mechanical stimuli produced by blood flow is an important regulator of
vascular development. The vitelline and umbilico-placental circulations are extraembryonic …