Quantum mechanics allows distribution of intrinsically secure encryption keys by optical
means. Twin-field quantum key distribution is one of the most promising techniques for its …

The main obstacle of realizing long-distance quantum key distribution (QKD)[1] is that the
secret key rate (SKR) decreases with the loss of the quantum channel. Specifically, the …

Twin-field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) is highly attractive because it can beat the
fundamental limit of secret key rate for point-to-point QKD without quantum repeaters. Many …

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows for secure communications safe against attacks by
quantum computers. QKD protocols are performed by sending a sizeable, but finite, number …

Digital signature is a key technique in information security, especially for identity
authentications. Compared to classical correspondence, quantum digital signatures (QDSs) …

Twin-field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) can overcome fundamental secret-key-rate
bounds on point-to-point QKD links, allowing us to reach longer distances than ever before …

We give a concentration inequality based on the premise that random variables take values
within a particular region. The concentration inequality guarantees that, for any sequence of …

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables secure information exchange with untrusted
quantum links between remote communication parties. A central task in the studies of QKD …

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) has attracted considerable attention and
developed rapidly due to its ability to surpass the fundamental rate-distance limit of QKD …

The twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) protocol has been studied widely to
overcome the linear bound, and several variations of the TF-QKD protocol have been …