Diverse molecular processes regulate the interactions between plants and insect
herbivores. Here, we review genes and proteins that are involved in plant–herbivore …

Costs of defense are central to our understanding of interactions between organisms and
their environment, and defensive phenotypes of plants have long been considered to be …

Powdery mildew (PM), caused by the fungal pathogen Erysiphe necator, is one of the most
destructive diseases of grapevine (Vitis vinifera and other Vitis spp.). Resistance to PM is an …

Herbivorous arthropods have interacted with plants for millions of years. During feeding they
release chemical cues that allow plants to detect the attack and mount an efficient defense …

Cultivated species diversity can provide numerous benefits to agricultural systems. Many
ecological theories have been proposed to understand the relationships between plant …

Subterranean detritivores such as earthworms can increase soil nutrient availability through
their burrowing and casting activities. A number of recent studies have explored whether …

Background Whiteflies are a global threat to crop yields, including the African subsistence
crop cassava (Manihot esculenta). Outbreaks of superabundant whitefly populations …

Background In nature, plants are frequently exposed to simultaneous biotic stresses that
activate distinct and often antagonistic defense signaling pathways. How plants integrate …

Plants can improve their antiherbivore defence by taking insect egg deposition as cue of
impending feeding damage. Previous studies showed that Pieris brassicae larvae feeding …

Plants have evolved distinct defense strategies in response to a diverse range of chewing
and sucking insect herbivory. While chewing insect herbivores, exemplified by caterpillars …