Sleep is crucial for healthy cognition, including memory. The two main phases of sleep, REM
(rapid eye movement) and non-REM sleep, are associated with characteristic …

The last decade has produced exciting new ideas about retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and its
role in integrating diverse inputs. Here, we review the diversity in forms of spatial and …

The medial entorhinal cortex is part of a neural system for mapping the position of an
individual within a physical environment. Grid cells, a key component of this system, fire in a …

The hippocampus is crucial for spatial navigation and episodic memory formation.
Hippocampal place cells exhibit spatially selective activity within an environment and have …

The consolidation of spatial memory depends on the reactivation ('replay') of hippocampal
place cells that were active during recent behaviour. Such reactivation is observed during …

Neural circuits construct distributed representations of key variables—external stimuli or
internal constructs of quantities relevant for survival, such as an estimate of one's location in …

Neural computations are often compared to instrument-measured distance or duration, and
such relationships are interpreted by a human observer. However, neural circuits do not …

Since the first place cell was recorded and the cognitive-map theory was subsequently
formulated, investigation of spatial representation in the hippocampal formation has evolved …

Sharp wave ripples (SPW‐Rs) represent the most synchronous population pattern in the
mammalian brain. Their excitatory output affects a wide area of the cortex and several …

Ring attractors are a class of recurrent networks hypothesized to underlie the representation
of heading direction. Such network structures, schematized as a ring of neurons whose …