CD8+ T cells are end effectors of cancer immunity. Most forms of effective cancer
immunotherapy involve CD8+ T cell effector function. Here, we review the current …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a diverse group of specialized antigen-presenting cells with key
roles in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. As such …

Abstract Background Dendritic cells (DCs) are central for the initiation and regulation of
innate and adaptive immunity in the tumor microenvironment. As such, many kinds of DC …

Treating patients who have cancer with vaccines that stimulate a targeted immune response
is conceptually appealing, but cancer vaccine trials have not been successful in late-stage …

Therapeutic cancer vaccines are designed to increase tumor-specific T cell immunity.
However, suppressive mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment (TME) may limit T …

Harnessing an antitumor immune response has been a fundamental strategy in cancer
immunotherapy. For over a century, efforts have primarily focused on amplifying immune …

Cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen
receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, have transformed clinical oncology. However, limited patient …

Although notable progress has been made on novel cancer treatments, the overall survival
rate and therapeutic effects are still unsatisfactory for cancer patients …

The overall 5-year survival for pancreatic cancer has changed little over the past few
decades, and pancreatic cancer is predicted to be the second leading cause of cancer …

Tumor neoantigen is the truly foreign protein and entirely absent from normal human
organs/tissues. It could be specifically recognized by neoantigen-specific T cell receptors …