Signal peptides (SP) are short peptides located in the N-terminal of proteins, carrying
information for protein secretion. They are ubiquitous to all prokaryotes and eukaryotes. SPs …

Immunoglobulins (Ig) play an important role in the immune system both when expressed as
antigen receptors on the cell surface of B cells and as antibodies secreted into extracellular …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) Spike glycoprotein is
solely responsible for binding to the host cell receptor and facilitating fusion between the …

Antibody-based drugs are a leading class of biologics used to treat a variety of diseases,
including cancer. However, wide antibody implementation is hindered by manufacturing …

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics are an effective modality for the treatment of
infectious, autoimmune, and cancer-related diseases. However, the discovery, development …

Recombinant expression of antibody molecules in mammalian cells offers important
advantages over traditionally utilized bacterial expression, including glycosylation required …

Mammalian cells have developed dedicated molecular mechanisms to tightly control
expression levels of their genes where the specific transcriptomic signature across all genes …

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy of plasma cells, with an
estimated 30,000 new cases diagnosed each year in the United States, signifying the need …

Recombinant antibodies are rapidly developing therapeutic agents; approximately 40 novel
antibody molecules enter clinical trials each year, most of which are produced from Chinese …

Therapeutic antibodies that block vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) show clinical
benefits in treating nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis …