Multiple drugs currently used in clinical practice have been approved by regulatory agencies
based on studies that utilize composite endpoints. Composite endpoints are appealing …

Introduction This review highlights the pathogenesis of both microvascular and
macrovascular complications of diabetes and how these mechanisms influence both the …

OBJECTIVE In patients with moderate to severe albuminuric kidney disease, sodium–
glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce the risk of kidney disease progression. These post …

ABSTRACT In the EMPA-KIDNEY (The Study of Heart and Kidney Protection With
Empagliflozin) trial, empagliflozin reduced cardiorenal outcomes by 28%(hazard ratio 0.72; …

Background Empagliflozin reduces the risk of major heart failure outcomes in heart failure
with reduced or preserved ejection fraction. Objectives The goal of this study was to evaluate …

In diabetic kidney disease (DKD), the long-term hyperactivation of yes-associated protein
(YAP)/transcriptional coactivator PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in renal proximal tubule epithelial …

Diabetes drives an increasing burden of cardiovascular and renal disease worldwide,
motivating the search for new hypoglycemic agents that confer cardiac and renal protective …

Background Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have shown a favorable
effect on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus …

Aim To determine whether the magnitude of the cardiorenal benefits of sodium‐glucose co‐
transporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) varies with baseline kidney function. Methods We …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a modern epidemic worldwide. Introducing renin–
angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors (ie, ACEi or ARB) not only as blood-pressure-lowering …