In eukaryotic cells, mitochondria perform cellular respiration through a series of redox
reactions ultimately reducing molecular oxygen to water. The system responsible for this …

NEDD8 (Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8) is an
ubiquitin-like protein that is covalently attached to a lysine residue of a protein substrate …

Chronic bioenergetic imbalances and inflammation caused by hyperglycemia are obstacles
that delay diabetic wound healing. However, it is difficult to directly deliver energy and …

Cuproptosis, dependent on Cu overload, presents novel opportunities for cancer therapy.
Cu-based nanomaterials have shown excellent advantages for the intracellular delivery of …

Antioxidant peptides are currently a hotspot in food science, pharmaceuticals, and
cosmetics. In different fields, the screening, activity evaluation, mechanisms, and …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common
neurodegenerative diseases, and they affect millions of people worldwide, particularly older …

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition affecting the orbit and the eye with
its adnexa, often occurring as an extrathyroidal complication of Graves' disease (GD). Orbital …

Sturgeon has a long lifespan and slow evolutionary rate due to their powerful endogenous
antioxidant system. This work aimed to assess the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of …

Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by micro/nanoplastics
(MPs/NPs) is highly toxic to microbes. However, the mechanisms underlying ROS …

Conventional cancer therapy strategies, although centered around killing tumor cells, often
lead to severe side effects on surrounding normal tissues, thus compromising the chronic …