The cell envelope is the first line of defense between a bacterium and the world-at-large.
Often, the initial steps that determine the outcome of chemical warfare, bacteriophage …

Periodontal disease represents a group of oral inflammatory infections initiated by oral
pathogens which exist as a complex biofilms on the tooth surface and cause destruction to …

Gram-negative bacteria have a double-membrane cellular envelope that enables them to
colonize harsh environments and prevents the entry of many clinically available antibiotics …

The cellular membrane constitutes one of the most fundamental compartments of a living
cell, where key processes such as selective transport of material and exchange of …

Gram-negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that contain biologically
active proteins and perform diverse biological processes. Unlike other secretion …

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that has emerged as an important cause of morbidity
and mortality among impoverished populations. One hundred years after the discovery of …

SUMMARY ATP-binding cassette (ABC) systems are universally distributed among living
organisms and function in many different aspects of bacterial physiology. ABC transporters …

Highlights•We discuss the cellular role of lipopolysaccharide within Gram-negative
bacteria.•We propose explanations for why lipopolysaccharide is essential in certain …

The lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide forms the outer monolayer of the outer membrane of
most gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli lipid A is synthesized on the cytoplasmic …

Trillions of microbes inhabit the distal gut of adult humans. They have evolved to compete
efficiently for nutrients, including a wide array of chemically diverse, complex glycans …