Cardiac arrhythmias are among the leading causes of mortality. They often arise from
alterations in the electrophysiological properties of cardiac cells and their underlying ionic …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a common mediator of cancer progression and
fibrosis. Fibrosis can be a significant pathology in multiple organs, including the heart. In this …

Fibrosis is a pathological process caused by abnormal wound healing response, which
often leads to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, distortion of organ architecture …

Obesity is defined as excessive body fat accumulation, and worldwide obesity has nearly
tripled since 1975. Excess of free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides in obese individuals …

Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a kind of RNA, produced by genomic transcription and does
not encode protein, but can regulate the function of genes, thus widely regulating …

Fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components such as
collagen in tissues or organs. Fibrosis can develop in the heart, kidneys, liver, skin or any …

Fibrosis is a pathophysiological process of wound repair that leads to the deposit of
connective tissue in the extracellular matrix. This complication is mainly associated with …

Myocardial interstitial fibrosis (MIF) is a histological hallmark of several cardiac diseases that
alter myocardial architecture and function and are associated with progression to heart …

Pirfenidone (PFD) is a non-peptide synthetic chemical that inhibits the production of
transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), platelet …

Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological consequence of most myocardial diseases. It is
associated with the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins as well as …