Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) has long been identified with its intensive involvement
in early embryonic development and organogenesis, immune supervision, tissue repair, and …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) represents an evolutionarily conserved family of
secreted polypeptide factors that regulate many aspects of physiological embryogenesis …

Mammalian development demands precision. Millions of molecules must be properly
located in temporal order, and their function regulated, to orchestrate important steps in cell …

Few cell signals match the impact of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family in
metazoan biology. TGFβ cytokines regulate cell fate decisions during development, tissue …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and related growth factors are secreted pleiotropic
factors that play critical roles in embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis by regulating …

Abstract TGF-β 1–3 are unique multi-functional growth factors that are only expressed in
mammals, and mainly secreted and stored as a latent complex in the extracellular matrix …

Background TGF-β promotes tumor invasion and metastasis through inducing epithelial-
mesenchymal transition (EMT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Circular RNAs …

The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway is a key player in metazoan
biology, and its misregulation can result in tumor development. The regulatory cytokine …

Smad transcription factors lie at the core of one of the most versatile cytokine signaling
pathways in metazoan biology—the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) pathway. Recent …

Morphogens are long-range signaling molecules that pattern developing tissues in a
concentration-dependent manner. The graded activity of morphogens within tissues …