The formation of microbial biofilms enables single planktonic cells to assume a multicellular
mode of growth. During dispersion, the final step of the biofilm life cycle, single cells egress …

Most free-living bacteria can attach to surfaces and aggregate to grow into multicellular
communities encased in extracellular polymeric substances called biofilms. Biofilms are …

Background Biofilms are multicellular communities of microorganisms held together by a self-
produced extracellular matrix. The ability of microbes to form biofilm is a universal …

Dental diseases are now viewed as a consequence of a deleterious shift in the balance of
the normally stable resident oral microbiome. It is known that frequent carbohydrate …

In drinking water distribution systems (DWDS), biofilms are the predominant mode of
microbial growth, with the presence of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) protecting …

Microbial biofilms are becoming increasingly difficult to treat in the medical setting due to
their intrinsic resistance to antibiotics. To combat this, several biofilm dispersal agents are …

Biofilm formation of microorganisms causes persistent tissue and foreign body infections
resistant to treatment with antimicrobial agents. Up to 80% of human bacterial infections are …

Twenty-five years have passed since the discovery of cyclic dimeric (3′→ 5′) GMP (cyclic
di-GMP or c-di-GMP). From the relative obscurity of an allosteric activator of a bacterial …

Biofouling is a critical issue in membrane water and wastewater treatment as it greatly
compromises the efficiency of the treatment processes. It is difficult to control, and significant …

Biofilms are a widely observed growth mode in which microbial communities are spatially
structured and embedded in a polymeric extracellular matrix. Here, we focus on the model …