Viral vectors have been used for a broad spectrum of gene therapy for both acute and
chronic diseases. In the context of cancer gene therapy, viral vectors expressing anti-tumor …

Applications of viral vectors have found an encouraging new beginning in gene therapy in
recent years. Significant improvements in vector engineering, delivery, and safety have …

Bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) are an innovative class of immunotherapeutics that
redirect T cells to tumor surface antigens. While efficacious against certain hematological …

Cancer immunotherapy and the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors have markedly
changed the treatment paradigm for many cancers. They function to disrupt cancer cell …

Oncolytic viral therapy has been accepted as a standard immunotherapy since talimogene
laherparepvec (T-VEC, Imlygic®) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) …

Viruses as cancer therapies have attracted attention since the 19th century. Scientists
observation that viruses can preferentially lyse cancer cells rather than healthy cells, created …

Immuno-oncology (IO) has been an active area of oncology research. Following US FDA
approval of the first immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), ipilimumab (human IgG1 k anti-CTLA …

Over the last 60 years an eclectic collection of microbes has been tested in a variety of pre-
clinical models as anti-cancer agents. At the forefront of this research are a number of virus …

PURPOSE We evaluated the activity of intratumoral Coxsackievirus A21 (V937) in 57
patients with unresectable stage IIIC or IV melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this …

The recent development of effective immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI), first demonstrated in
melanoma, has revolutionized cancer treatment. Monoclonal antibodies blocking the …