Neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus cannot perform the spatial color calculations
necessary for color contrast and color constancy. Under neutral-adapting conditions, we …

We review the features of the S-cone system that appeal to the psychophysicist and
summarize the celebrated characteristics of S-cone mediated vision. Two factors are …

Purpose: Time spent outdoors is protective against myopia. The outdoors allows exposure to
short-wavelength (blue light) rich sunlight, while indoor illuminants can be deficient at short …

Structurally and functionally, the short-wave-sensitive (S) cone pathways are thought to
decline more rapidly with normal aging than the middle-and long-wave-sensitive cone …

Daylight vision starts with signals in three classes of cone photoreceptors sensitive to short
(S), middle (M), and long (L) wavelengths. Psychophysical studies show that perceptual …

Visual orienting of attention and gaze are widely considered to be mediated by shared
neural pathways [1–5], with automatic phenomena such as inhibition of return (IOR)—the …

The human visual system adapts to changes in white tone of the illumination to maintain
approximately the same object color appearance. Chromatic adaptation transforms (CAT) …

Background The group of dystonia genes is expanding, and mutations of these genes have
been associated with various combined dystonia syndromes. Among the latter, the cause of …

Previous experiments disagree on the effect of monochromatic light on emmetropization.
Some species respond to wavelength defocus created by longitudinal chromatic aberration …

The superior colliculus (SC) is thought to be unresponsive to stimuli that activate only short
wavelength-sensitive cones (S-cones) in the retina. The apparent lack of S-cone input to the …