Copper is an essential trace element participating in many vital biological processes,
however it becomes a toxic agent when in excess. Thus, precise and tight regulation of …

Copper is a metal ion that is required as a micronutrient for growth and proliferation.
However, copper accumulation generates toxicity by multiple mechanisms, potentially …

Infection by the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans causes lethal meningitis,
primarily in immune-compromised individuals. Colonization of the brain by C. neoformans is …

Fungi often adapt to environmental stress by altering their size, shape, or rate of cell division.
These morphological changes require reorganization of the cell wall, a structural feature …

During the infectious process, pathogenic microorganisms must obtain nutrients from the
host in order to survive and proliferate. These nutritional sources include the metallic nutrient …

The transition metal Cu is an essential micronutrient that serves as a co-factor for numerous
enzymes involved in redox and oxygen chemistry. However, Cu is also a potentially toxic …

The platinum (Pt)-containing antitumor drugs including cisplatin (cis-
diamminedichloroplatinum II, cDDP), carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, have been the mainstay of …

Fungal infections continue to represent a major threat to public health, particularly with the
emergence of multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens. As part of the innate immune response …

As part of the innate immune response, the host withholds metal micronutrients such as Cu
from invading pathogens, and microbes respond through metal starvation stress responses …

Copper homeostasis is an important determinant for virulence of many human pathogenic
fungi such as the highly prevalent yeast Candida albicans. However, beyond the copper …