Background: In January 2020, the US FDA published two final guidelines, one entitled “In
vitro Drug Interaction Studies-Cytochrome P450 Enzyme-and Transporter-Mediated Drug …

Solute carrier (SLC) family transporters utilize an electrochemical potential difference or an
ion gradient generated by primary active transporters for transporting their substrates across …

In the present study, an open-label, three-treatment, three-period clinical study of
rosuvastatin (RSV) and rifampicin (RIF) when administered alone and in combination was …

To address the most appropriate endogenous biomarker for drug–drug interaction risk
assessment, eight healthy subjects received an organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B …

The anticancer drug irinotecan shows serious dose-limiting gastrointestinal toxicity
regardless of intravenous dosing. Although enzymes and transporters involved in irinotecan …

Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP) 1B1 and OATP1B3 are important hepatic
transporters that mediate the uptake of many clinically important drugs, including statins from …

Ketoconazole is a potent CYP3A4/5 inhibitor and, until recently, recommended by the Food
and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency as a strong CYP3A4/5 …

The liver is among the most frequently targeted organs by noxious chemicals of diverse
nature. Liver toxicity testing using laboratory animals not only raises serious ethical …

Pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions (DDIs) occur when a drug alters the absorption,
transport, distribution, metabolism or excretion of a co-administered agent. The occurrence …

Inhibition of organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B function can lead to serious
clinical drug-drug interactions, thus a thorough evaluation of the potential for this type of …