Helium, hydrogen, and fuzz in plasma-facing materials

KD Hammond - Materials Research Express, 2017 - iopscience.iop.org
Tungsten, the primary material under consideration as the divertor material in magnetic-
confinement nuclear fusion reactors, has been known for the last decade to form'fuzz'—a …

Large-scale atomistic simulations of low-energy helium implantation into tungsten single crystals

KD Hammond, S Blondel, L Hu, D Maroudas, BD Wirth - Acta Materialia, 2018 - Elsevier
Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of post-implantation helium behavior in plasma-
facing tungsten single crystals reveal orientation-dependent depth profiles, surface evolution …

Theoretical model of helium bubble growth and density in plasma-facing metals

KD Hammond, D Maroudas, BD Wirth - Scientific Reports, 2020 - nature.com
We present a theoretically-motivated model of helium bubble density as a function of volume
for high-pressure helium bubbles in plasma-facing tungsten. The model is a good match to …

Helium flux effects on bubble growth and surface morphology in plasma-facing tungsten from large-scale molecular dynamics simulations

KD Hammond, IV Naeger, W Widanagamaachchi… - Nuclear …, 2019 - iopscience.iop.org
We investigate helium flux effects on helium transport and surface evolution in plasma-
facing tungsten using molecular dynamics. The simulations span two orders of magnitude …

[HTML][HTML] Helium aggregation and surface morphology near grain boundaries in plasma-facing tungsten

KD Hammond, D Maroudas, BD Wirth - Journal of Applied Physics, 2024 - pubs.aip.org
We conduct molecular dynamics simulations of helium in tungsten to study the interaction of
helium with grain boundaries. Model systems with grain boundary planes perpendicular to …

An Overview of recent standard and accelerated molecular dynamics simulations of helium behavior in tungsten

L Sandoval, D Perez, BP Uberuaga, AF Voter - Materials, 2019 - mdpi.com
One of the most critical challenges for the successful adoption of nuclear fusion power
corresponds to plasma-facing materials. Due to its favorable properties in this context (low …

The mobility of small, over-pressurized helium bubbles in tungsten at 2000 K

ZJ Bergstrom, D Perez, E Martinez - Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2021 - Elsevier
Fusion reactor environments inevitably lead to the formation of high-pressure helium
bubbles whose nucleation, growth, and diffusion strongly impact the performance of plasma …

Enabling molecular dynamics simulations of helium bubble formation in tritium-containing austenitic stainless steels: An Fe-Ni-Cr-H-He potential

XW Zhou, ME Foster, RB Sills - Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2023 - Elsevier
Formation of helium bubbles impacts mechanical properties of materials used in nuclear
applications. An Fe-Ni-Cr-H-He quinary potential capable of direct molecular dynamics …

He bubble-induced phase transformation of W grain boundaries revealed by accelerated molecular dynamics

P Hatton, D Perez, T Frolov, BP Uberuaga - Acta Materialia, 2024 - Elsevier
The growth of He bubbles and the resulting impact on the microstructural evolution of W are
of paramount importance to the plasma-facing materials community due to the application of …

In-situ ETEM study of plasma-facing tungsten nanofuzz oxidation at atmospheric pressure: Microstructure evolution and substrate-free oxidation kinetics

R Sainju, M Patino, MJ Baldwin, O El Atwani… - Acta Materialia, 2024 - Elsevier
To enable sustainable carbon-free fusion energy, managing reactor structural material
degradation during normal operation as well as accident scenarios is vital. Tungsten (W) …