The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins
consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine …

Triggers and biological processes controlling male or female gonadal differentiation vary in
vertebrates, with sex determination (SD) governed by environmental factors or simple to …

Skates are cartilaginous fish whose body plan features enlarged wing-like pectoral fins,
enabling them to thrive in benthic environments,. However, the molecular underpinnings of …

Regulatory landscapes drive complex developmental gene expression, but it remains
unclear how their integrity is maintained when incorporating novel genes and functions …

Ancestral sequence reconstruction is a fundamental aspect of molecular evolution studies
and can trace small-scale sequence modifications through the evolution of genomes and …

Highlights•Chromatin folding into topologically associated domains (TADs) is pervasive
across animal groups.•TADs are plastic entities composed of genomic strata from different …

Background High-order chromatin structure plays important roles in gene regulation.
However, the diversity of the three-dimensional (3D) genome across plant accessions are …

Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes are essential proteins found in
genomes of all cellular organisms. Essential functions of these proteins, such as mitotic …

Studying the functional consequences of structural variants (SVs) in mammalian genomes is
challenging because (i) SVs arise much less commonly than single-nucleotide variants or …

Sex determination and differentiation in reptiles is complex. Temperature-dependent sex
determination (TSD), genetic sex determination (GSD) and the interaction of both …