Abstract 3D printing alias additive manufacturing can transform 3D virtual models created by
computer-aided design (CAD) into physical 3D objects in a layer-by-layer manner …

Abstract Development of polymer-based smart materials, which can autonomously alter their
physical and/or chemical properties when exposed to external stimuli, is a thriving research …

Cell therapy practices date back to the 19th century and continue to expand on
investigational and investment grounds. Cell therapy includes stem cell-and non–stem cell …

Thermoresponsive polymers hold great potential in the biomedical field, since they enable
the fabrication of cell sheets, in situ drug delivery and 3D-printing under physiological …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems have gained increasing interest in
drug discovery and tissue engineering due to their evident advantages in providing more …

Cell-based scaffold-free therapies seek to develop in vitro organotypic three-dimensional
(3D) tissue-like surrogates, capitalising upon the inherent capacity of cells to create tissues …

An osteochondral scaffold has a chondrogenic spiral scaffold in one end of an outer shell
made of sintered microspheres, and an osteogenic spiral scaffold in the other end of the …

The water content of thermo-responsive hydrogels can be drastically altered by small
changes in temperature because their polymer chains change from hydrophilic to …

The failure to repair critical‐sized bone defects often leads to incomplete regeneration or
fracture non‐union. Tissue‐engineered grafts have been recognized as an alternative …

In this review, we introduce two kinds of bio-related nanoarchitectonics, DNA
nanoarchitectonics and cell-macromolecular nanoarchitectonics, both of which are basically …