BACKGROUND: Iron is utilized by several proteins as cofactor for major biological
processes. However, iron may also harm cells by catalyzing the generation of free radicals …

Autophagy is a conserved process to maintains homeostasis via the degradation of toxic cell
contents, which can either promote cell survival or accelerate cellular demise. Ferroptosis is …

Background New studies provide evidence that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is not simply a classical glycolytic protein of little interest. Instead …

Iron is essential for basic cellular processes but is toxic when present in excess.
Consequently, iron transport into and out of cells is tightly regulated. Most iron is delivered to …

Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the bacterial species most closely associated with
periodontitis and can shed large numbers of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are …

Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has long been recognized as an
important enzyme for energy metabolism and the production of ATP and pyruvate through …

Iron metabolism and tumor biology are intimately linked. Iron facilitates the production of
oxygen radicals, which may either result in iron-induced cell death, ferroptosis, or contribute …

In general, iron represents a double-edged sword in metabolism in most tissues, especially
in the brain. Although the high metabolic demands of brain cells require iron as a redox …

Moonlighting–the performance of more than one function by a single protein–is becoming
recognized as a common phenomenon with important implications for systems biology and …

Multidimensional proteins such as glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)
exhibit distinct activities unrelated to their originally identified functions. Apart from …