Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive
emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed …

Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type within the central nervous system. They play
essential roles in maintaining normal brain function, as they are a critical structural and …

Neurons can release damaged mitochondria and transfer them to astrocytes for disposal
and recycling. This ability to exchange mitochondria may represent a potential mode of cell …

The nervous and immune systems control whole-body homeostasis and respond to various
types of tissue injury, including stroke, in a coordinated manner. Cerebral ischaemia and …

Immunity and inflammation are key elements of the pathobiology of stroke, a devastating
illness second only to cardiac ischemia as a cause of death worldwide. The immune system …

This review focuses on mechanisms and emerging concepts that drive the science of stroke
in a therapeutic direction. Once considered exclusively a disorder of blood vessels, growing …

Brain injury causes astrocytes to assume a reactive state that is essential for early tissue
protection, but how reactive astrocytes affect later reparative processes is incompletely …

Neuropathic pain resulting from damage or dysfunction of the nervous system is a highly
debilitating chronic pain state and is often resistant to currently available treatments. It has …

Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide and a major cause of acquired
disability in adults. Despite tremendous progress in understanding the pathophysiology of …

Expression of the 17β-estradiol (E2) synthesis enzyme aromatase is highly upregulated in
astrocytes following brain injury. However, the precise role of astrocyte-derived E2 in the …