Natural photosynthesis is an efficient biochemical process which converts solar energy into
energy-rich carbohydrates. By understanding the key photoelectrochemical processes and …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen, superoxide (O2●−) and hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2) are the markers of living cells. Oxygenic photosynthesis produces ROS in …

Respiratory complex I, a key enzyme in mammalian metabolism, captures the energy
released by reduction of ubiquinone by NADH to drive protons across the inner …

Bacteria power their energy metabolism using membrane-bound respiratory enzymes that
capture chemical energy and transduce it by pumping protons or Na+ ions across their cell …

Complex I is the first enzyme in the respiratory chain, which is responsible for energy
production in mitochondria and bacteria. Complex I couples the transfer of two electrons …

Phycobilisomes (PBS) are the major light harvesting complexes of photosynthesis in the
cyanobacteria and red algae. CpcL-PBS is a type of small PBS in cyanobacteria that …

Cytochrome b 6 f (cytb 6 f) lies at the heart of the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic
photosynthesis, where it serves as a link between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I …

Electron bifurcation is a fundamental energy coupling mechanism widespread in
microorganisms that thrive under anoxic conditions. These organisms employ hydrogen to …

Complex I is one of the major respiratory complexes, conserved from bacteria to mammals. It
oxidises NADH, reduces quinone and pumps protons across the membrane, thus playing a …

The chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex is composed of at least 29
subunits and has an important role in mediating photosystem I (PSI) cyclic electron transport …