This review is intended to provide a critical and up-to-date survey of the analytical
approximate methods that are encountered in scattering from random rough surfaces. The …

Electromagnetic wave scattering from random rough surfaces is an active, interdisciplinary
area of research with myriad practical applications in fields such as optics, acoustics …

The first-order small-slope approximation (SSA-1) model is used for numerical predictions of
the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) of an anisotropic ocean surface in bistatic …

A new model for rough surface scattering is presented; the model has a form similar to the
small slope approximation (SSA) of Voronovich, but with modified kernel functions. As with …

We present a numerical investigation of horizontally polarized microwave scattering from 1-
D sea surfaces at extreme grazing angles. Rigorous electromagnetic calculations are …

A family of unified models in scattering from rough surfaces is based on local corrections of
the tangent plane approximation through higher-order derivatives of the surface. We revisit …

The normalized radar cross-section (NRCS) expression of the Local Curvature
Approximation (LCA-1) is derived to first order. The polarization sensitivity of this model is …

We show, using simple physical models, that a quantitative estimation of the volume fraction
of marine oil slicks can be achieved from dual-polarization synthetic aperture radar (SAR) …

A modeling study investigating the influence of wind direction on spaceborne global
navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) near-specular observations of the sea …

This paper is the first in a series of two papers on the use of combined improved
hydrodynamic and electromagnetic analytical models for the simulation of the ocean …