Monkeypox virus (MPXV), which causes disease in humans, has for many years been
restricted to the African continent, with only a handful of sporadic cases in other parts of the …

The sequence of microbial genomes made all potential antigens of each pathogen available
for vaccine development. This increased by orders of magnitude potential vaccine targets in …

Oncolytic viruses have the potential to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) that may
provoke potent and long-lasting anti-cancer immunity. Here we aimed to characterize the …

Cancer vaccines are designed to promote tumor specific immune responses, particularly
cytotoxic CD8 positive T cells that are specific to tumor antigens. The earliest vaccines …

The CD83 molecule has been identified to be expressed on numerous activated immune
cells, including B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, microglia, and neutrophils …

Despite the success of the WHO-led smallpox eradication programme a quarter of a century
ago, there remains considerable fear that variola virus, or other related pathogenic …

T lymphocytes recognize peptide antigens presented by class I and class II molecules
encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Classical antigen-presentation …

Bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen‐presenting cells
capable of activating naïve T cells. Loading DCs ex vivo with tumor antigens can stimulate …

Toll-like receptor (TLR) engagement by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) is
an important mechanism for optimal cellular immune responses. APC TLR engagement …

The eradication of smallpox, one of the great triumphs of medicine, was accomplished
through the prophylactic administration of live vaccinia virus, a comparatively benign relative …