There has been a steep increase in allergic and autoimmune diseases, reaching epidemic
proportions and now affecting more than one billion people worldwide. These diseases are …

Environmental exposure plays a major role in the development of allergic diseases. The
exposome can be classified into internal (eg, aging, hormones, and metabolic processes) …

The impacts of climate change and air pollution on respiratory diseases present significant
global health challenges. This review aims to investigate the effects of the interactions …

The extreme diversity of the human immune system, forged and maintained throughout
evolutionary history, provides a potent defense against opportunistic pathogens. At the same …

A steep increase in the prevalence of many chronic noncommunicable diseases occurred
during the last 60 years, bringing them to a pandemic size. 1 Our research and efforts to …

Exposure to toxic substances, introduced into our daily lives during industrialization and
modernization, can disrupt the epithelial barriers in the skin, respiratory, and gastrointestinal …

Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been associated with a range of health impacts,
including neurological abnormalities that affect neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity, and …

Highlights•The role of air pollution in the development of MS is critical.•Oxidative stress
resulting from air pollutants' exposures, increases proinflammatory cytokines.• …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central
nervous system (CNS), leading to progressive functional impairments, and many intrinsic …

It is now longer than half a century, humans, animals, and nature of the world are under the
influence of exposure to many newly introduced noxious substances. These exposures are …