The benzene moiety is the most prevalent ring system in marketed drugs, underscoring its
historic popularity in drug design either as a pharmacophore or as a scaffold that projects …

A quaternary carbon bears four other carbon substituents or combination of four non-
hydrogen substituents at four vertices of a tetrahedron. The spirocyclic quaternary carbon …

The direct construction of bioisosteric compounds enriched in Csp3 content represents an
attractive and dependable approach to imbuing biologically active molecules with enhanced …

The five-membered pyrrolidine ring is one of the nitrogen heterocycles used widely by
medicinal chemists to obtain compounds for the treatment of human diseases. The great …

Nitrogen heterocycles are among the most significant structural components of
pharmaceuticals. Analysis of our database of US FDA approved drugs reveals that 59% of …

Owing to their inherent three-dimensionality and structural novelty, spiro scaffolds have
been increasingly utilized in drug discovery. In this brief review, we highlight selected …

The synthesis of functionalized nitrogen heterocycles is integral to discovering,
manufacturing and evolving high-value materials. The availability of effective strategies for …

Hybrid fused two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) rings are important
pharmacophores in drugs owing to their unique structural and physicochemical properties …

Bicyclic amines are important motifs for the preparation of bioactive materials. These species
have well-defined exit vectors that enable accurate disposition of substituents toward …

Substituted six-membered cyclic hydrocarbons are common constituents of biologically
active compounds. Although methods for the synthesis of thermodynamically favored …