G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are cell membrane receptors for various ligands.
Recent studies have suggested that GPCRs transmit animal steroid hormone signals …

The endoplasmic reticulum (EnR) stress sensor, the unfolded protein response (UPR), plays
a key role in regulating intracellular protein homeostasis. The extensively studied reactive …

Holometabolous insects stop feeding at the final larval instar stage and then undergo
metamorphosis; however, the mechanism is unclear. In the present study, using the serious …

Calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is vital for insect development and metabolism, and the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major intracellular reservoir for Ca2+. The inositol 1, 4, 5 …

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are responsible for the regulation of diverse developmental and
physiological systems in metazoans. NR actions can be the result of genomic and non …

The nuclear receptor EcRB1, which is activated by the insect steroid hormone 20-
hydroxyecdysone (20E), is reportedly phosphorylated by a protein kinase after 20E …

Accumulation of unfolded protein, or other stresses, activates the classical reactive unfolded
protein response (UPR). In the recently characterized anticipatory UPR, receptor-bound …

Calcium ions are essential secondary messengers that regulate diverse cellular processes
including gene transcription, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. The steroid hormone 20 …

Animal steroid hormones regulate gene transcription through genomic pathways by binding
to nuclear receptors. These steroid hormones also rapidly increase intracellular calcium and …

Abstract Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely produced plasticizer that is
considered to act as an endocrine-disrupting chemical in vertebrates and invertebrates …