The utilization of lignin, the most abundant aromatic biomass component, is at the forefront
of sustainable engineering, energy, and environment research, where its abundance and …

This review discusses the opportunities and challenges of 3D printing using clay and natural
fibers with a focus on wood sawdust in direct ink writing (DIW) method. Using earthen and …

Morphing matter that change shapes and properties in response to external stimuli have
gained significant interests in material science, robotics, biomedical engineering, wearables …

Advances in additive manufacturing in composites have transformed aerospace, medical
devices, tissue engineering, and electronics. A key aspect of enhancing properties of 3D …

Cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer, is the key to the sustainable material revolution.
The circular economy approach and green chemistry principles have enabled new routes to …

Extrusion-based 4D-printing, which is an emerging field within additive manufacturing, has
enabled the technical transfer of bioinspired self-shaping mechanisms by emulating the …

Hygromorph BioComposites (HBC) exhibit shape-changing actuated by a moisture content
(MC) variation due to their bilayered bioinspired architecture. However, their application in …

With the production of wood waste constantly on the increase, questions relating to its
recycling and reuse are becoming unavoidable. The reuse of wood and its derivatives can …

Wood is a complex, natural structure and an essential source of nutrition, construction and
building materials, energy, etc. Because of its microscopic structure, it is difficult to model its …

The urgency for energy efficient, responsive architectures has propelled smart material
development to the forefront of scientific and architectural research. This paper explores …