This review describes key regeneration characteristics of the genus Fagus as represented
by its four most prominent species: F. crenata (Fc), F. grandifolia (Fg), F. orientalis (Fo) and …

Abstract Knowledge of the morphological and physiological responses of trees to planting
density is important for adjusting plantation establishment practices to attain the desired size …

Forest restoration projects have become increasingly common around the world and
planting trees is almost always a key component. Low seedling survival and growth may …

Plant interactions can be defined as the ways plants act upon the growth, fitness, survival
and reproduction of other plants, largely by modifying their environment. These interactions …

Established plants may facilitate the regeneration of closely related seedlings if they
increase populations of mutualistic symbionts that would otherwise be limiting. In this study …

Growth and morphology in relation to shading was investigated in young seedlings of oak
(Quercus robur L.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). First-year growth in oak seedlings was …

The survival, morphological, and growth responses of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) seedlings to different light intensities, from full …

Past regeneration patterns of Quercus robur L. and Fagus sylvatica L. and their relationship
to canopy structure, disturbances and forest-use history were investigated in an old-growth …

Biomass increment, biomass allocation and fine-root morphology were compared on four-
year old Fagus sylvatica seedlings growing under low (11% relative irradiance), medium (14 …

To gain a better understanding of beech growth requirements and assess the competition
with the surrounding vegetation at two successional stages after agricultural land …