Biomedical research requires both in vitro and in vivo studies in order to explore disease
processes or drug interactions. Foundational investigations have been performed at the …

The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle exerting crucial functions in protein production,
metabolism homeostasis and cell signaling. Endoplasmic reticulum stress occurs when cells …

The intricate microenvironment in which malignant cells reside is essential for the
progression of tumor growth. Both the physical and biochemical features of the tumor …

Three-dimensional tumor models have become established in both basic and clinical
research. As multicellular systems consisting of tumor and tumor-associated cells, they can …

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the deadliest malignant tumors. Despite significant
advances in RCC treatment over the past decade, complete remission is rarely achieved …

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HG-SOC), accounting for 70–80% of ovarian cancer
deaths, is characterized by a widespread and rapid metastatic nature, influenced by diverse …

Background Kidney cancer is a significant global health problem that affects nearly 1 in 25 of
cancer patients. Prevalence, morbidity and mortality data associated with kidney cancer …

Studying the complexity of human physiology and pathology requires the utilization of
effective in vitro and in vivo models. This year marks the 40th anniversary since the …