Abstract In 2016 the World Health Organization reported 39% of the world's adult population
(over 18 y) was overweight, with western countries such as Australia and the United States …

The central noradrenergic system innervates almost all regions of the brain and, as such, is
well positioned to modulate many neural circuits implicated in behaviors and physiology …

Ghrelin is a peptide that is produced by endocrine cells that are primarily localized in the
stomach. Ghrelin receptors (GHSR) are expressed in the brain and periphery. Preclinical …

Sugar has become embedded in modern food and beverages. This has led to
overconsumption of sugar in children, adolescents, and adults, with more than 60 countries …

Alcohol-use-disorders are chronic relapsing illnesses, often co-morbid with anxiety. We
have previously shown using the “drinking-in-the-dark” model in mice that the stimulation of …

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays an important role in high-order executive
processes and sends highly organized projections to sub-cortical regions controlling mood …

Background Factors leading to the harmful consumption of substances, like alcohol and
sucrose, involve a complex interaction of genes and the environment. While we cannot …

Background: The intermittent access 2-bottle choice (IA2BC) and drinking in the dark (DID)
models were developed for studying rodent binge-like consumption. Traditionally, IA2BC …

Repeated episodes of binge-like alcohol consumption produce anxiety, depression and
various deleterious effects including alterations in neurogenesis. While the involvement of …

A growing body of literature implicates noradrenergic (NE) signaling in the modulation of
ethanol consumption. However, relatively few studies have detailed specific brain pathways …