Prebiotics are indigestible fibers that increase beneficial gut commensal bacteria resulting in
improvements of the host's health. The beneficial effects of prebiotics are due to the …

The classical pathway of interferon-γ-dependent activation of macrophages by T helper 1
(TH1)-type responses is a well-established feature of cellular immunity to infection with …

The threat of new viral outbreaks has heightened the need for ready-to-use vaccines that are
safe and effective. Here we show that a subcutaneous vaccine consisting of live Zika virus …

This standard-setting textbook has defined the field of immunology since 1984, and is now in
its Seventh Edition continuing to deliver the detailed, authoritative, and timely coverage …

During the past decade, mechanisms involved in the immune surveillance of the central
nervous system (CNS) have moved to the forefront of neuropathological research mainly …

A prebiotic is a non‐digestible food ingredient that beneficially affects the host by selectively
stimulating the growth and/or the activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon …

The complex functions of the liver in biosynthesis, metabolism, clearance, and host defense
are tightly dependent on an adequate microcirculation. To guarantee hepatic homeostasis …

The innate immune response was once considered to be a limited set of responses that
aimed to contain an infection by primitive'ingest and kill'mechanisms, giving the host time to …

Phagocytosis is an evolutionarily conserved process utilized by many cells to ingest
microbial pathogens, and apoptotic and necrotic corpses. Recent investigation has revealed …

The term innate immunity refers to a number of evolutionary ancient mechanisms that serve
to defend animals and plants against infection. Genetically tractable model organisms …