Finite element analysis (FEA) is no longer a new technique in the fields of palaeontology,
anthropology, and evolutionary biology. It is nowadays a well-established technique within …

Among evolutionary trends shaping phenotypic diversity over macroevolutionary scales,
CREA (CRaniofacial Evolutionary Allometry) describes a tendency, among closely related …

Cat-like carnivorans are a textbook example of convergent evolution, with distinct
morphological differences between taxa with short or elongated upper canines, the latter …

Abstract The late Early Pleistocene archaeological site of Fuente Nueva 3 (Orce, Guadix-
Baza Depression, SE Spain), dated to~ 1.4 Ma, provides evidence on the subsistence …

The placental skull has evolved into myriad forms, from longirostrine whales to globular
primates, and with a diverse array of appendages from antlers to tusks. This disparity has …

Theropod dinosaurs underwent some of the most remarkable dietary changes in vertebrate
evolutionary history, shifting from ancestral carnivory 1–3 to hypercarnivory 4, 5 and …

Apex predators play an important role in the top-down regulation of ecological communities.
Their hunting and feeding behaviors influence, respectively, prey demography and the …

Biomechanical models and simulations of musculoskeletal function rely on accurate muscle
parameters, such as muscle masses and lines of action, to estimate force production …

Gorgonopsians are among the most recognizable groups of synapsids from the Permian
period and have an extensive but mostly cranial fossil record. By contrast, relatively little is …

Taphonomic and diagenetic processes inevitably distort the original skeletal morphology of
fossil vertebrate remains. Key aspects of palaeobiological datasets may be directly impacted …