Arachidonic acid-derived prostaglandins not only contribute to the development of
inflammation as intercellular pro-inflammatory mediators, but also promote the excitability of …

Peripheral mediators can contribute to the development and maintenance of inflammatory
and neuropathic pain and its concomitants (hyperalgesia and allodynia) via two …

Peroxynitrite (PN; ONOO−) and its reactive oxygen precursor superoxide (SO; O2•−) are
critically important in the development of pain of several etiologies including pain associated …

Carvacrol is a phenolic monoterpene present in the essential oil of the family Lamiaceae, as
in the genera Origanum and Thymus. We previously reported that carvacrol is effective as an …

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a therapy suggested for the treatment of pain and
inflammation. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the analgesic and …

Prostanoids play pivotal roles in inflammation and pain. Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors,
the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), depress prostanoid formation and are …

Abstract α‐Terpineol (TPN), a volatile monoterpene alcohol, is relatively non‐toxic and one
of the major components of the essential oils of various plant species. In this study, we tested …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Genipa americana L.(Rubiaceae) leaves are traditionally
used to treat fever, pharyngitis, healing, luxation and bruises. Aim of the study This study …

Abstract Kinin B 1 (B 1 R) and B 2 receptors (B 2 R) and the transient receptor potential
vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel are known to play a critical role in the peripheral neuropathy …

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that affects a sizable percentage of
people on a daily basis. Sensory neurons known as nociceptors built specifically to detect …